Some Asian Grandparents Are Concerned About …

By Venessa Lee

Young grandparents may experience other kinds of conflicted feelings about arriving at a stage of life earlier than expected, says Ms Theresa Bung, principal therapist at the non-profit Family Life Society.

Grandparents
Venessa Lee

When her daughter gave birth to a baby girl, Ms L. Loh found it hard to accept becoming a grandmother at the age of 43.

She asked her granddaughter to call her “auntie”, but the girl, now five, persisted in calling her “ah ma”.

Putting aside the joy of welcoming a new addition to the family, becoming a grandparent in your 40s and early 50s can be unsettling. There can be an uncomfortable period of self- scrutiny, with conflicting emotions.

Some, like Ms Loh, a manager in the logistics industry, feel that being called “grandma” or “grandpa” makes them feel old. Others, like Mr Mohd Shariff Mohd Yatim, 55, feel they want to look more mature.

When his first grandchild, Ryanna Sofia Raihan, was born five months ago, he grew a beard. The executive director of Jamiyah Halfway House, a rehabilitation centre, wanted to signal – to others and himself – that he was “ready to lead as a grandfather”.

But when people started offering him their seats in public places, he felt embarrassed.

Young grandparents may experience other kinds of conflicted feelings about arriving at a stage of life earlier than expected, says Ms Theresa Bung, principal therapist at the non-profit Family Life Society. Some have to set aside projects or plans. Some may still be working and feel guilty about the limited time they can spend with their grandchildren, especially if they have their own children to care for.

Some are unhappy that their unwed teenaged children become parents.

But those The Sunday Times interviewed say there are more advantages than disadvantages to their early grandparenthood.

A constant refrain is that young grandparents have more energy to keep up with their grandchildren.

Housewife, Loh Lay San, was 52 when her grandson came along. Since her daughter Jessica’s four-month-long maternity leave ended, she has been taking care of Jeremiah, now nine months old, with the help of her maid.

Ms Loh, now 53, takes Jeremiah for walks in the morning in the grounds of her condominium, looking out for squirrels and snails. She often takes him swimming.

At the end of the day, she sometimes goes for a pilates class or gym session on the elliptical machine.

Young grandparents also tend to have more in common with their adult offspring when it comes to child-rearing, which can lead to closer family ties.

Indeed, Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan, 54, who became a grandfather on New Year’s Eve last year when his daughter Natalie gave birth to her first child, had told The Straits Times: “I have always believed that it is good to start early. We are glad our daughter heeded our advice.”

But for manager Ms L. Loh, now 49, the feeling that she was too young to be a grandmother stemmed from her own experience.

She had struggled as a young mum herself. A year after she married at 18, she had the first of her four children.

She felt that her daughter, who married at 21 and had her first child a year later, was “too young” to be a mother. She says: “I was worried she might go through the same situation as me. Handling career and kids at the same time is challenging and requires support.”

Ms Loh’s in-laws had helped her care for her infant. She had yearned for more support from her own mother, though she understood later that her mum, who worked as a dishwasher, was “too busy” caring for Ms Loh’s four other siblings. Her father, she says, was frequently not at home during her childhood.

But her concerns about being a grandmother faded eventually.

Her daughter, the second of her four children, moved in with her for a few months after giving birth. The time she spent with her daughter and grandchild made her see “the joy of seeing children growing day by day”.

Her daughter, a 27-year-old sales executive, now has three daughters, aged between one and five.

Going by demographic trends, grandparents who are no older than 55 look to be increasingly scarce. Women in Singapore are having children later and fewer people are getting married, which means grandparents are likely to be older and fewer.

The median age of Singapore citizens when they have their first child was 30.3 in 2014, up from 29.2 a decade earlier, according to a report released last year by the National Population and Talent Division. There is no data publicly available regarding the median or average age of having one’s first grandchild.

According to sociologist Tan Ern Ser, a smaller age gap between the generations “translates into a narrower gap in terms of language, education, experience, interests and values”.

“There may be greater potential for forming cohesive three-generational households,” says the associate professor at the National University of Singapore’s department of sociology, who is also a council member at Families for Life, an organisation that promotes resilient families.

Indeed, public servant Jessica Bin, 25, says the relative youthfulness of her mum, Ms Loh Lay San, 53, and her dad, 57-year-old Tony Bin, means they share a similar parenting philosophy.

For instance, both sides agree on the importance of play and enjoying the outdoors for children, says Ms Bin’s husband, engineer Jerwin Aligguy, 27.

Continue to original article


This article was first published on Jan 24, 2016.
Get a copy of The Straits Times or go to straitstimes.com for more stories.
– See more at: https://women.asiaone.com/women/parenting/too-young-be-grandparent#sthash.IqH7hl72.dpuf

// <![CDATA[
var adData = {google_width: 300,google_height: 250,google_click_url: 'https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sax3dLx26aix3dCm0Ip53-lVov_Lsa1hASs2pvoA4Ccg-wGgI6Lr5sC-JWo29kDEAEgk-DRKmDJvraH3KPwEKAB0b20_wPIAQngAgCoAwGqBNEBT9BvsP-BbYSXWAPqVnD2FbArVUuGLwj7Sp9jBGR4WfLTvBK8FnBFUcKXeLG2bJzCA2bowxMhJDXdA6sDkcRvS6GTMbR1VXdf90z3Yo8u9Q8mw4j1Ty1UheehomSuvG5-mU2RLlfm5Dlq43gD9D7042KzQgqd3ZReFPx26HNZNR8tGm7iA3nH9qlGaqwp7thNIEKfMiz8GA3UQHreIuXJokwcXPf_9w_yXyAozAfVzSYBKyGKPq_Xz0f_FnH4qkodSas900l79F06gyZTQ_256CDgBAGIBgGgBi6AB5fCS6gHpr4b2AcAx26numx3d1x26cidx3d5GgV0VmSudkwddYBMVj1iWIkx26sigx3dAOD64_22QYmTM6h1Sw0k_MVfL-1eGGxIxwx26clientx3dca-pub-7024551668114021x26adurlx3d',google_ait_url: 'https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/conversion/?aix3dCm0Ip53-lVov_Lsa1hASs2pvoA4Ccg-wGgI6Lr5sC-JWo29kDEAEgk-DRKmDJvraH3KPwEKAB0b20_wPIAQngAgCoAwGqBNEBT9BvsP-BbYSXWAPqVnD2FbArVUuGLwj7Sp9jBGR4WfLTvBK8FnBFUcKXeLG2bJzCA2bowxMhJDXdA6sDkcRvS6GTMbR1VXdf90z3Yo8u9Q8mw4j1Ty1UheehomSuvG5-mU2RLlfm5Dlq43gD9D7042KzQgqd3ZReFPx26HNZNR8tGm7iA3nH9qlGaqwp7thNIEKfMiz8GA3UQHreIuXJokwcXPf_9w_yXyAozAfVzSYBKyGKPq_Xz0f_FnH4qkodSas900l79F06gyZTQ_256CDgBAGIBgGgBi6AB5fCS6gHpr4b2AcAx26sighx3dFXGFS51xz-8x26labelx3d_AITNAME_x26valuex3d_AITVALUE_',redirect_url: 'https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sax3dLx26aix3dCm0Ip53-lVov_Lsa1hASs2pvoA4Ccg-wGgI6Lr5sC-JWo29kDEAEgk-DRKmDJvraH3KPwEKAB0b20_wPIAQngAgCoAwGqBNEBT9BvsP-BbYSXWAPqVnD2FbArVUuGLwj7Sp9jBGR4WfLTvBK8FnBFUcKXeLG2bJzCA2bowxMhJDXdA6sDkcRvS6GTMbR1VXdf90z3Yo8u9Q8mw4j1Ty1UheehomSuvG5-mU2RLlfm5Dlq43gD9D7042KzQgqd3ZReFPx26HNZNR8tGm7iA3nH9qlGaqwp7thNIEKfMiz8GA3UQHreIuXJokwcXPf_9w_yXyAozAfVzSYBKyGKPq_Xz0f_FnH4qkodSas900l79F06gyZTQ_256CDgBAGIBgGgBi6AB5fCS6gHpr4b2AcAx26numx3d1x26cidx3d5GgV0VmSudkwddYBMVj1iWIkx26sigx3dAOD64_22QYmTM6h1Sw0k_MVfL-1eGGxIxwx26clientx3dca-pub-7024551668114021x26adurlx3dhttps://www.greetingcarduniverse.com',destination_url: 'https://www.greetingcarduniverse.com',link_target: '_top',monitoring: {templateId: 311,creativeId: 76054896728,loadTime: new Date().getTime(),experimentId: '57560011',reportErrors: false,reportPerf: false,layoutPath: '/pagead/gadgets/teracent_product_template_V1/Standard_2a_300x250.html'},google_template_data: {'adData': [{'Design_0_fontUrl': 'AGBookRoundedProMedium_basic.swf','Design_0_txtColorDisc': '0x555555','Headline_0_productClickOnly': 'TRUE','Design_0_cornerStyle': 'square','Design_0_glowColor': '0x666666','Design_0_priceSize': '14','Design_0_txtColorPrice': '0x62769c','Headline_0_showPrice': 'TRUE','Design_0_nameSize': '14','Design_0_txtColorProduct': '0x4d4d4d','Design_0_bgAlpha': '0.3','Design_0_bgGradient': 'FALSE','Design_0_borderColor': '0xf59e33','Design_0_bgColorAlt': '0x849bcd','Design_0_bgColor': '0xffffff','Design_0_logoPadding': '0','Design_0_btnShad': 'FALSE','Design_0_btnBevel': 'FALSE','Design_0_btnStyle': 'square','Design_0_btnRollColor': '0x004479','Design_0_btnColor': '0xff8000','Design_0_txtColorCta': '0xffffff','Headline_0_cta': 'Shop now!','Design_0_headlineSize': '24','Design_0_txtColorTitle': '0xcc0000','Headline_0_txt': 'Today Only: All Cards $1.89 Each','Design_0_enforceLogo': 'false','Design_0_logoImageUrl': 'https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/simgad/771180939441644943','layout': 'Standard_2a','creationContext': 'WORKFLOW:MINI_FLOW','Product_0_name': '77th Birthday With Love Grandmother card','Product_0_description': 'Find birthday cards for everyone on your list at Greeting Card Universe. We will mail the cards to you or direct to your loved ones. Turn to Greeting Card Universe for all your birthday card needs. This paper card includes the following themes: Madeline Allen, Digital-Art, and SmudgeArt. Greeting Card Universe has the biggest selection of Age Specific cards to celebrate their birthday this year. The inside of this card reads: Throughout the years Grandma, Youx27ve taught me many things. Your words have made me stop, listen and think, But most importantly, Youx27ve always been there for me. That is a gift Ix27ll always treasure. So my wish for your Birthday Grandmother is That Your special day be filled with all of The Love, Peace and Joy Your heart can hold. Have a wonderful 77th Birthday!','Product_0_price': '$3.50','Product_0_regularPrice': '$3.50','Product_0_salePrice': '$3.50','Product_0_imageUrl': 'https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/shopping?qx3dtbn:ANd9GcTR6daTSAbYQu_645s53jG0yfUmohGijI06cGhPurdgPcNJxgXp3CU7LX0e_wx26usqpx3dCAI','Product_0_url': 'https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sax3dLx26aix3dCIYK253-lVov_Lsa1hASs2pvoA4Ccg-wGgI6Lr5sC-JWo29kDEAEgk-DRKmDJvraH3KPwEKAB0b20_wPIAQngAgCoAwGqBNEBT9BvsP-BbYSXWAPqVnD2FbArVUuGLwj7Sp9jBGR4WfLTvBK8FnBFUcKXeLG2bJzCA2bowxMhJDXdA6sDkcRvS6GTMbR1VXdf90z3Yo8u9Q8mw4j1Ty1UheehomSuvG5-mU2RLlfm5Dlq43gD9D7042KzQgqd3ZReFPx26HNZNR8tGm7iA3nH9qlGaqwp7thNIEKfMiz8GA3UQHreIuXJokwcXPf_9w_yXyAozAfVzSYBKyGKPq_Xz0f_FnH4qkodSas900l79F06gyZTQ_256CDgBAH6BQYIJRABGACIBgGgBi6AB5fCS6gHpr4b2AcAx26numx3d1x26cidx3d5GgV0VmSudkwddYBMVj1iWIkx26sigx3dAOD64_1LvlUe_iYDjnvPEEksJkYCuftjnQx26adurlx3dhttps://www.greetingcarduniverse.com/grandma-grandmother-birthday-cards/age-specific/greeting-card-603700%3Futm_source%3Dgooglebase%26utm_medium%3Dcpc%26utm_campaign%3Dgoogle_base%26campaign%3Dgoogleshoppingx26clientx3dca-pub-7024551668114021','Product_0_language': 'en','Product_1_name': 'Happy Thanksgiving For A Great Grandmother Pumpkins card','Product_1_description': 'Thanksgiving cards x26 photo Thanksgiving cards from Greeting Card Universe will bring a smile to your loved onesx27 face. Do something special this year with a paper card. Allow Greeting Card Universe to handle all your Thanksgiving card needs this year. This paper card includes the following themes: happy thanksgiving. thanksgiving, US thanksgiving, and pumpkin. Greeting Card Universe has the biggest selection of cards to celebrate every special occasion this year. The inside of this card reads: We all have so much to be Thankful for during this Holiday season. But it is friends and family, like you, Who are the greatest blessing, Happy Thanksgiving.','Product_1_price': '$3.50','Product_1_regularPrice': '$3.50','Product_1_salePrice': '$3.50','Product_1_imageUrl': 'https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/shopping?qx3dtbn:ANd9GcQsmBpIl2Evy06TRfGXoSsGPJgTEjGMxRhHxClYqx9iaUQXUpTneA78Tft2RAx26usqpx3dCAI','Product_1_url': 'https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sax3dLx26aix3dC45gm53-lVov_Lsa1hASs2pvoA4Ccg-wGgI6Lr5sC-JWo29kDEAEgk-DRKmDJvraH3KPwEKAB0b20_wPIAQngAgCoAwGqBNEBT9BvsP-BbYSXWAPqVnD2FbArVUuGLwj7Sp9jBGR4WfLTvBK8FnBFUcKXeLG2bJzCA2bowxMhJDXdA6sDkcRvS6GTMbR1VXdf90z3Yo8u9Q8mw4j1Ty1UheehomSuvG5-mU2RLlfm5Dlq43gD9D7042KzQgqd3ZReFPx26HNZNR8tGm7iA3nH9qlGaqwp7thNIEKfMiz8GA3UQHreIuXJokwcXPf_9w_yXyAozAfVzSYBKyGKPq_Xz0f_FnH4qkodSas900l79F06gyZTQ_256CDgBAH6BQYIJRABGAGIBgGgBi6AB5fCS6gHpr4b2AcAx26numx3d1x26cidx3d5GgV0VmSudkwddYBMVj1iWIkx26sigx3dAOD64_26cbCeiVhXOtFrTL0HZxz-WJqsIgx26adurlx3dhttps://www.greetingcarduniverse.com/holiday-cards/thanksgiving-cards/great-grandparents/great-grandmother-grandma/greeting-card-1206668%3Futm_source%3Dgooglebase%26utm_medium%3Dcpc%26utm_campaign%3Dgoogle_base%26campaign%3Dgoogleshoppingx26clientx3dca-pub-7024551668114021','Product_1_language': 'en','Product_2_name': 'Grandparents Happy Holidays Card Red White And Blue Christmas','Product_2_description': 'Greeting Card Universe offers the largest selection of Christmas cards on the web. Make your loved ones feel special with a custom paper card. Turn to Greeting Card Universe for all your Christmas card needs. This paper card includes the following themes: photo, photography, and studio porto sabbia. Greeting Card Universe has the biggest selection of General / Both cards to celebrate Christmas this year. These Christmas cards are designed by Studio Porto Sabbia. The inside of this card reads: May your holidays sparkle and shine! Happy Holidays!','Product_2_price': '$3.50','Product_2_regularPrice': '$3.50','Product_2_salePrice': '$3.50','Product_2_imageUrl': 'https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/shopping?qx3dtbn:ANd9GcTZ_dYhov_Nv44KIlSAWnZaZSR4RsVzZ1M_-E-oPECPBWfr6JoL6gFN1eTvvQx26usqpx3dCAI','Product_2_url': 'https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sax3dLx26aix3dC5TVE53-lVov_Lsa1hASs2pvoA4Ccg-wGgI6Lr5sC-JWo29kDEAEgk-DRKmDJvraH3KPwEKAB0b20_wPIAQngAgCoAwGqBNEBT9BvsP-BbYSXWAPqVnD2FbArVUuGLwj7Sp9jBGR4WfLTvBK8FnBFUcKXeLG2bJzCA2bowxMhJDXdA6sDkcRvS6GTMbR1VXdf90z3Yo8u9Q8mw4j1Ty1UheehomSuvG5-mU2RLlfm5Dlq43gD9D7042KzQgqd3ZReFPx26HNZNR8tGm7iA3nH9qlGaqwp7thNIEKfMiz8GA3UQHreIuXJokwcXPf_9w_yXyAozAfVzSYBKyGKPq_Xz0f_FnH4qkodSas900l79F06gyZTQ_256CDgBAH6BQYIJRABGAKIBgGgBi6AB5fCS6gHpr4b2AcAx26numx3d1x26cidx3d5GgV0VmSudkwddYBMVj1iWIkx26sigx3dAOD64_1lREGMABrfydAokUsd0YLR5VoXgAx26adurlx3dhttps://www.greetingcarduniverse.com/holiday-cards/christmas-cards/grandparents/greeting-card-864672%3Futm_source%3Dgooglebase%26utm_medium%3Dcpc%26utm_campaign%3Dgoogle_base%26campaign%3Dgoogleshoppingx26clientx3dca-pub-7024551668114021','Product_2_language': 'en','Product_3_name': 'Happy Valentines Day Grandparents card','Product_3_description': 'Find Valentinex27s Day cards for everyone on your list at Greeting Card Universe. We will mail the cards to you or direct to your loved ones. Allow Greeting Card Universe to handle all your Valentinex27s Day card needs this year. This paper card includes the following themes: jan keteleer; Grandparents, Valentinex27s day, and amazing. Greeting Card Universe has the biggest selection of cards to celebrate every special occasion this year. The inside of this card reads: Valentinex27s Day is just a reminder that I love you 365 days a year.','Product_3_price': '$3.50','Product_3_regularPrice': '$3.50','Product_3_salePrice': '$3.50','Product_3_imageUrl': 'https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/shopping?qx3dtbn:ANd9GcTvxtHOaBTRxjP9v3uMkmMRQCFK_orAaQYvozaTmqDx7sjdY-yKEi54wpnAoEYx26usqpx3dCAI','Product_3_url': 'https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sax3dLx26aix3dCnelf53-lVov_Lsa1hASs2pvoA4Ccg-wGgI6Lr5sC-JWo29kDEAEgk-DRKmDJvraH3KPwEKAB0b20_wPIAQngAgCoAwGqBNEBT9BvsP-BbYSXWAPqVnD2FbArVUuGLwj7Sp9jBGR4WfLTvBK8FnBFUcKXeLG2bJzCA2bowxMhJDXdA6sDkcRvS6GTMbR1VXdf90z3Yo8u9Q8mw4j1Ty1UheehomSuvG5-mU2RLlfm5Dlq43gD9D7042KzQgqd3ZReFPx26HNZNR8tGm7iA3nH9qlGaqwp7thNIEKfMiz8GA3UQHreIuXJokwcXPf_9w_yXyAozAfVzSYBKyGKPq_Xz0f_FnH4qkodSas900l79F06gyZTQ_256CDgBAH6BQYIJRABGAOIBgGgBi6AB5fCS6gHpr4b2AcAx26numx3d1x26cidx3d5GgV0VmSudkwddYBMVj1iWIkx26sigx3dAOD64_3cWB4hfGtU7zekXI08ez3PtL403wx26adurlx3dhttps://www.greetingcarduniverse.com/holiday-cards/valentines-day-cards/grandparents/general-grandparents/greeting-card-1175550%3Futm_source%3Dgooglebase%26utm_medium%3Dcpc%26utm_campaign%3Dgoogle_base%26campaign%3Dgoogleshoppingx26clientx3dca-pub-7024551668114021','Product_3_language': 'en','Product_4_name': 'Scenic Beach Sunset Grandson And His Wife 19th Anniversary card','Product_4_description': 'Greeting Card Universe offers the largest selection of cards on the web. Whether for one person or the whole family, a card will make the occasion memorable this year. Look no further than Greeting Card Universe for your card needs. This paper card includes the following themes: Card, cards, and anniversary. Greeting Card Universe has the best cards to celebrate the occasion. The inside of this card reads: As you grow closer together through all the days of your lives, may the beautiful moments you treasure help you forever to see that today, tomorrow and always, you are blessed with a love that is meant to be. Happy Anniversary!','Product_4_price': '$3.50','Product_4_regularPrice': '$3.50','Product_4_salePrice': '$3.50','Product_4_imageUrl': 'https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/shopping?qx3dtbn:ANd9GcQBfUCMUrk6VF12hHmkQ69p8-dfQmQjJss9Gv7G6fTyiXRi3L103PnsHqOmToAx26usqpx3dCAI','Product_4_url': 'https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sax3dLx26aix3dCVuvq53-lVov_Lsa1hASs2pvoA4Ccg-wGgI6Lr5sC-JWo29kDEAEgk-DRKmDJvraH3KPwEKAB0b20_wPIAQngAgCoAwGqBNEBT9BvsP-BbYSXWAPqVnD2FbArVUuGLwj7Sp9jBGR4WfLTvBK8FnBFUcKXeLG2bJzCA2bowxMhJDXdA6sDkcRvS6GTMbR1VXdf90z3Yo8u9Q8mw4j1Ty1UheehomSuvG5-mU2RLlfm5Dlq43gD9D7042KzQgqd3ZReFPx26HNZNR8tGm7iA3nH9qlGaqwp7thNIEKfMiz8GA3UQHreIuXJokwcXPf_9w_yXyAozAfVzSYBKyGKPq_Xz0f_FnH4qkodSas900l79F06gyZTQ_256CDgBAH6BQYIJRABGASIBgGgBi6AB5fCS6gHpr4b2AcAx26numx3d1x26cidx3d5GgV0VmSudkwddYBMVj1iWIkx26sigx3dAOD64_0MuCCcaraQd0pvRHrgjhNJYsiZjwx26adurlx3dhttps://www.greetingcarduniverse.com/anniversary-wedding-cards/for-grandson-and-wife/greeting-card-1207234%3Futm_source%3Dgooglebase%26utm_medium%3Dcpc%26utm_campaign%3Dgoogle_base%26campaign%3Dgoogleshoppingx26clientx3dca-pub-7024551668114021','Product_4_language': 'en','Product_5_name': 'Spring Tulips Blessing Grandson And His Fiancee Easter Card','Product_5_description': 'Easter cards x26 photo Easter cards from Greeting Card Universe will bring a smile to your loved onesx27 face. We will mail the cards to you or direct to your loved ones. Allow Greeting Card Universe to handle all your Easter card needs this year. This paper card includes the following themes: Card, cards, and easter. cards from Greeting Card Universe can make the occasion memorable this year. The inside of this card reads: May God bless you at Easter, and keep you all year through. May God give you all the faith you need, to make your dreams come true. May His love and wisdom always help, to guide you on your way. May His light shine down upon you now, to bless your Easter Day.','Product_5_price': '$3.50','Product_5_regularPrice': '$3.50','Product_5_salePrice': '$3.50','Product_5_imageUrl': 'https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/shopping?qx3dtbn:ANd9GcSaudKI4l6NaK–EPzz5dEFJu7SAHo70y2jEmLNPbX0P07hHwh9LhkL5qPGKgx26usqpx3dCAI','Product_5_url': 'https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sax3dLx26aix3dCNDX653-lVov_Lsa1hASs2pvoA4Ccg-wGgI6Lr5sC-JWo29kDEAEgk-DRKmDJvraH3KPwEKAB0b20_wPIAQngAgCoAwGqBNEBT9BvsP-BbYSXWAPqVnD2FbArVUuGLwj7Sp9jBGR4WfLTvBK8FnBFUcKXeLG2bJzCA2bowxMhJDXdA6sDkcRvS6GTMbR1VXdf90z3Yo8u9Q8mw4j1Ty1UheehomSuvG5-mU2RLlfm5Dlq43gD9D7042KzQgqd3ZReFPx26HNZNR8tGm7iA3nH9qlGaqwp7thNIEKfMiz8GA3UQHreIuXJokwcXPf_9w_yXyAozAfVzSYBKyGKPq_Xz0f_FnH4qkodSas900l79F06gyZTQ_256CDgBAH6BQYIJRABGAWIBgGgBi6AB5fCS6gHpr4b2AcAx26numx3d1x26cidx3d5GgV0VmSudkwddYBMVj1iWIkx26sigx3dAOD64_1d4QrK-Sm2386pPX2fcUP2uE3ORgx26adurlx3dhttps://www.greetingcarduniverse.com/holiday-cards/easter-cards/other/greeting-card-1236372%3Futm_source%3Dgooglebase%26utm_medium%3Dcpc%26utm_campaign%3Dgoogle_base%26campaign%3Dgoogleshoppingx26clientx3dca-pub-7024551668114021','Product_5_language': 'en','displayUrl': 'www.greetingcarduniverse.com','destinationUrl': 'https://www.greetingcarduniverse.com','versionInfo': '7.3.2'}]}};(function(){var g=this,h=function(a,c,b){a=a.split(".");b=b||g;a[0]in b||!b.execScript||b.execScript("var "+a[0]);for(var d;a.length&&(d=a.shift());)a.length||void 0===c?b=b[d]?b[d]:b[d]={}:b[d]=c},m=function(){var a=l,c=typeof a;if("object"==c)if(a){if(a instanceof Array)return"array";if(a instanceof Object)return c;var b=Object.prototype.toString.call(a);if("[object Window]"==b)return"object";if("[object Array]"==b||"number"==typeof a.length&&"undefined"!=typeof a.splice&&"undefined"!=typeof a.propertyIsEnumerable&&!a.propertyIsEnumerable("splice"))return"array";if("[object Function]"==b||"undefined"!=typeof a.call&&"undefined"!=typeof a.propertyIsEnumerable&&!a.propertyIsEnumerable("call"))return"function"}else return"null";else if("function"==c&&"undefined"==typeof a.call)return"object";return c},n=function(a,c,b){return a.call.apply(a.bind,arguments)},p=function(a,c,b){if(!a)throw Error();if(2<arguments.length){var d=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,2);return function(){var b=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);Array.prototype.unshift.apply(b,d);return a.apply(c,b)}}return function(){return a.apply(c,arguments)}},q=function(a,c,b){q=Function.prototype.bind&&-1!=Function.prototype.bind.toString().indexOf("native code")?n:p;return q.apply(null,arguments)},v=function(){var a=t,c=u;function b(){}b.prototype=c.prototype;a.I=c.prototype;a.prototype=new b;a.F=function(a,b,f){for(var r=Array(arguments.length-2),k=2;kb;this.b={};this.f=!1},y=function(a,c){var b=c.n;switch(c.t){case 1:var d=c.d,b=w(a,b);b.h(d);break;case 2:var d=a,e=w(d,b);e.j=!0;x(d,b)}},w=function(a,c){a.b[c]||(a.b[c]={j:!1,g:[],h:null});return a.b[c]},x=function(a,c){var b=w(a,c);if(b.j){for(var d=b.g.length,e=0;e<d;e++)a.sendMessage(c,b.g[e]);b.g=[]}},z=function(a,c){if(a.f){var b={t:2};b.s=a.l;b.n=c;a.send(b)}};u.prototype.registerApplicationHandler=function(a,c){var b=w(this,a);b.h=c;z(this,a)};u.prototype.sendMessage=function(a,c){var b=w(this,a);this.f&&b.j?(b={t:1},b.s=this.l,b.n=a,b.d=c,this.send(b)):b.g.push(c)};var A=function(a){var c,b;h(c||"secureChannel",a,b);a.registerApplicationHandler=a.registerApplicationHandler;a.sendMessage=a.sendMessage;a.isInitialized=a.q};u.prototype.q=function(){return this.f};var t=function(a,c){u.call(this,a,c);this.o=!!window.MessageChannel;this.k=this.a=null;window.addEventListener&&(this.v=q(this.A,this),window.addEventListener("message",this.v,!1))};v();t.prototype.send=function(a){this.o?this.a&&this.a.postMessage(a):(a=this.r?JSON.stringify(a):a,this.k.source.parent.postMessage(a,"*"))};t.prototype.A=function(a){var c;c=a.data;c=this.r?JSON.parse(c):c;if(c.s===this.l&&(this.o?a.source===this.u:a.source.parent===this.u))if(0===c.t){if(B(this,a)){this.f=!0;for(var b in this.b)this.b[b].h&&z(this,b),x(this,b)}}else this.k=a,y(this,c)};var B=function(a,c){if(a.o){a.a=c.ports&&c.ports[0];if(!a.a)return!1;a.a.addEventListener("message",q(function(a){y(this,a.data)},a),!1);a.a.start()}else a.k=c;return!0};var C=window;var D=function(a,c,b){var d;a.addEventListener?a.addEventListener(c,b,d||!1):a.attachEvent&&a.attachEvent("on"+c,b)},E=function(a,c,b){var d;a.removeEventListener?a.removeEventListener(c,b,d||!1):a.detachEvent&&a.detachEvent("on"+c,b)};var F=function(a,c,b){a.google_image_requests||(a.google_image_requests=[]);var d=a.document.createElement("img");if(b){var e=function(a){b(a);E(d,"load",e);E(d,"error",e)};D(d,"load",e);D(d,"error",e)}d.src=c;a.google_image_requests.push(d)};var G=function(a,c){for(var b in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,b)&&c.call(null,a[b],b,a)};var H=.01,I=function(a){var c="";G(a,function(a,d){if(0===a||a)c+="&"+d+"="+("function"==typeof encodeURIComponent?encodeURIComponent(a):escape(a))});return c};var J;n:{var K=g.navigator;if(K){var L=K.userAgent;if(L){J=L;break n}}J=""}var M=function(a){var c=J;return-1!=c.indexOf(a)};var N=function(){return M("Opera")||M("OPR")},O=function(){return M("Edge")||M("Trident")||M("MSIE")},P=N,Q=O;var R=P();Q();if(R&&g.opera){var l=g.opera.version;"function"==m()&&l()};var S=function(a){var c,b="html5-mon",d=1;try{if(d=d||H,Math.random()>>0),ba=0,ca=function(a,c,b){return a.call.apply(a.bind,arguments)},da=function(a,c,b){if(!a)throw Error();if(2<arguments.length){var d=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,2);return function(){var b=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);Array.prototype.unshift.apply(b,d);return a.apply(c,b)}}return function(){return a.apply(c,arguments)}},t=function(a,c,b){t=Function.prototype.bind&&-1!=Function.prototype.bind.toString().indexOf("native code")?ca:da;return t.apply(null,arguments)},u=Date.now||function(){return+new Date},ea=function(a,c){function b(){}b.prototype=c.prototype;a.eb=c.prototype;a.prototype=new b;a.ab=function(a,b,f){for(var g=Array(arguments.length-2),h=2;h<arguments.length;h++)g[h-2]=arguments[h];return c.prototype[b].apply(a,g)}};var fa=String.prototype.trim?function(a){return a.trim()}:function(a){return a.replace(/^[sxa0]+|[sxa0]+$/g,"")},ga=function(a){return Array.prototype.join.call(arguments,"")},v=function(a,c){return ac?1:0};var w=window;var x=function(a,c){this.width=a;this.height=c};x.prototype.clone=function(){return new x(this.width,this.height)};var ha=function(a,c){for(var b in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,b)&&c.call(void 0,a[b],b,a)};var ka=function(a,c){var b=ia;try{if(1>b.Ya){var d=b.Ea+a+ja(c),d=d.substring(0,2E3);y(l,d)}}catch(e){}},ja=function(a){var c="";ha(a,function(a,d){if(0===a||a)c+="&"+d+"="+encodeURIComponent(String(a))});return c},y=function(a,c){a.google_image_requests||(a.google_image_requests=[]);var b=a.document.createElement("img");b.src=c;a.google_image_requests.push(b)};var z=function(a){a=parseInt(a,10);return isNaN(a)?0:a},A=function(a,c){return/^true$/.test(a)?!0:/^false$/.test(a)?!1:c};var la=Array.prototype.filter?function(a,c,b){return Array.prototype.filter.call(a,c,b)}:function(a,c,b){for(var d=a.length,e=[],f=0,g=p(a)?a.split(""):a,h=0;h<d;h++)if(h in g){var q=g[h];c.call(b,q,h,a)&&(e[f++]=q)}return e},ma=Array.prototype.map?function(a,c,b){return Array.prototype.map.call(a,c,b)}:function(a,c,b){for(var d=a.length,e=Array(d),f=p(a)?a.split(""):a,g=0;g<d;g++)g in f&&(e[g]=c.call(b,f[g],g,a));return e},na=function(a){return Array.prototype.concat.apply(Array.prototype,arguments)},oa=function(a){var c=a.length;if(0<c){for(var b=Array(c),d=0;dparseFloat(a))?String(c):a}(),wa={},G=function(a){var c;if(!(c=wa[a])){c=0;for(var b=fa(String(va)).split("."),d=fa(String(a)).split("."),e=Math.max(b.length,d.length),f=0;0==c&&f<e;f++){var g=b[f]||"",h=d[f]||"",q=RegExp("(\d*)(\D*)","g"),J=RegExp("(\d*)(\D*)","g");do{var K=q.exec(g)||["","",""],L=J.exec(h)||["","",""];if(0==K[0].length&&0==L[0].length)break;c=v(0==K[1].length?0:parseInt(K[1],10),0==L[1].length?0:parseInt(L[1],10))||v(0==K[2].length,0==L[2].length)||v(K[2],L[2])}while(0==c)}c=wa[a]=0<=c}return c},xa=l.document,ya=xa&&D?ua()||("CSS1Compat"==xa.compatMode?parseInt(va,10):5):void 0;!E&&!D||D&&9<=Number(ya)||E&&G("1.9.1");D&&G("9");var H=function(){this.B=new XMLHttpRequest};H.prototype.get=function(a,c){if(this.B&&(0==this.B.readyState||4==this.B.readyState))try{this.B.onreadystatechange=t(this.Fa,this,c),this.B.open("GET",a,!0),this.B.send(null)}catch(b){c()}};H.prototype.Fa=function(a){4==this.B.readyState&&a()};var I=function(a,c,b){var d=function(){window.top.location=c},e=new H;b?e.get(a,b):e.get(a,d)},M=function(a,c,b,d){this.ja=a;this.Ja=c;this.ka=null;this.ea=b;this.oa=d;this.C=this.aa=this.H=this.D=this.G=!1;this.ba=void 0;this.u=this.L=this.P=null;this.la=this.da=this.wa=this.La=this.Aa=this.V=this.T=this.ga=this.qa=this.ia=this.Ba=0};M.prototype.Ha=function(){this.T=u();this.G=!1;za(this)};M.prototype.pa=function(){try{this.u&&4==this.u.readyState&&this.D&&(this.V=u(),this.D=!1,this.u.responseText&&0<this.u.responseText.length&&(this.P="tel:"+this.u.responseText))}finally{za(this)}};M.prototype.$a=function(){this.ga=u();this.C=!1;za(this)};var za=function(a){a.H||(a.G||a.D?a.C||Aa(a):(a.C&&(a.C=!1,window.clearTimeout(a.ba),a.ba=void 0),Aa(a)))},Aa=function(a){if(!a.H){a.H=!0;a.aa=!0;var c=0==a.T?0:a.T-a.ia,b=0==a.V?0:a.V-a.qa,d=0==a.ga?0:a.ga-a.Ba,e=a.L&&a.L.B?a.L.B.status:"noreq",f=a.u?a.u.status:"noreq",g=/&ctype=d+/.exec(a.ja),g=g?g[0]:"";a.Aa++;var h=0;0!=a.wa&&0!=a.da&&(h=a.da-a.wa);a.ka=["//googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/gen_204?id=ctc_metrics",g,"&dc="+a.la,"&ec="+a.La,"&rc="+a.Aa,"&ct="+h,"&ctc_num="+a.ea,"&ctc_gvn="+a.P,"&ctc_cs_time="+c,"&ctc_gv_time="+b,"&ctc_to_time="+d,"&ctc_cs_status="+e,"&ctc_gv_status="+f].join("");(new H).get(a.ka,t(a.za,a));window.setTimeout(t(a.za,a),2E3)}};M.prototype.za=function(){this.aa&&(this.C=this.D=this.G=this.aa=!1,null!=this.oa?this.oa(this.P||this.ea):window.top.location=this.P||this.ea)};var Ba=function(a){var c=u();a.G||a.D||a.C?a.la++:a.da=c;var b=!1,d=!1,e=!1;a.G||(a.G=!0,a.H=!1,a.ia=c,a.T=c,d=!0);a.D||null!=a.P||(a.D=!0,a.H=!1,a.qa=c,a.V=c,e=!0);a.C||(a.C=!0,a.H=!1,a.Ba=c,b=!0);b&&(a.ba=window.setTimeout(t(a.$a,a),2E3));d&&(a.L=new H,a.L.get(a.ja,t(a.Ha,a)));if(e)try{a.u=new XMLHttpRequest,a.u.onreadystatechange=t(a.pa,a),a.u.open("GET",a.Ja,!0),a.u.send(null)}catch(f){a.pa()}};m("ctc_bd",I);m("init_gvc",function(a,c,b,d){return new M(a,c,b,d)});m("ctc_bd_gv",function(a){Ba(a)});var Ca=function(){this.ma=this.ma;this.Ua=this.Ua};Ca.prototype.ma=!1;D&&G("9");!F||G("528");E&&G("1.9b")||D&&G("8")||ra&&G("9.5")||F&&G("528");E&&!G("8")||D&&G("9");var N=function(a,c,b){Ca.call(this);this.xa=a;this.Qa=c||0;this.Oa=b;this.Ga=t(this.na,this)};ea(N,Ca);N.prototype.J=0;N.prototype.start=function(a){this.stop();var c=this.Ga;a=void 0!==a?a:this.Qa;if("function"!=n(c))if(c&&"function"==typeof c.handleEvent)c=t(c.handleEvent,c);else throw Error("Invalid listener argument");this.J=2147483647<Number(a)?-1:l.setTimeout(c,a||0)};N.prototype.stop=function(){0!=this.J&&l.clearTimeout(this.J);this.J=0};N.prototype.na=function(){this.J=0;this.xa&&this.xa.call(this.Oa)};var Da="StopIteration"in l?l.StopIteration:{message:"StopIteration",stack:""},Ea=function(){};Ea.prototype.next=function(){throw Da;};Ea.prototype.Ca=function(){return this};var O=function(a,c){this.w={};this.g=[];this.Z=this.b=0;var b=arguments.length;if(1<b){if(b%2)throw Error("Uneven number of arguments");for(var d=0;d<b;d+=2)this.set(arguments[d],arguments[d+1])}else a&&this.addAll(a)};O.prototype.I=function(){P(this);for(var a=[],c=0;c
2*this.b&&P(this),!0):!1};var P=function(a){if(a.b!=a.g.length){for(var c=0,b=0;c<a.g.length;){var d=a.g[c];Q(a.w,d)&&(a.g[b++]=d);c++}a.g.length=b}if(a.b!=a.g.length){for(var e={},b=c=0;c<a.g.length;)d=a.g[c],Q(e,d)||(a.g[b++]=d,e[d]=1),c++;a.g.length=b}};k=O.prototype;k.get=function(a,c){return Q(this.w,a)?this.w[a]:c};k.set=function(a,c){Q(this.w,a)||(this.b++,this.g.push(a),this.Z++);this.w[a]=c};k.addAll=function(a){var c;if(a instanceof O)c=a.O(),a=a.I();else{c=[];var b=0,d;for(d in a)c[b++]=d;b=[];d=0;for(var e in a)b[d++]=a[e];a=b}for(e=0;e<c.length;e++)this.set(c[e],a[e])};k.forEach=function(a,c){for(var b=this.O(),d=0;d=d.g.length)throw Da;var e=d.g[c++];return a?e:d.w[e]};return e};var Q=function(a,c){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,c)};var Ga=function(a){var c=Fa;return function(){var b=this||l,b=b.closure_memoize_cache_||(b.closure_memoize_cache_={}),d=c(a[aa]||(a[aa]=++ba),arguments);return b.hasOwnProperty(d)?b[d]:b[d]=a.apply(this,arguments)}},Fa=function(a,c){for(var b=[a],d=c.length-1;0<=d;–d)b.push(typeof c[d],c[d]);return b.join("x0B")};var Ha=/^(?:([^:/?#.]+):)?(?://(?:([^/?#]*)@)?([^/#?]*?)(?::([0-9]+))?(?=[/#?]|$))?([^?#]+)?(?:?([^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?$/,Ia=function(a,c){if(a)for(var b=a.split("&"),d=0;d<b.length;d++){var e=b[d].indexOf("="),f=null,g=null;0<=e?(f=b[d].substring(0,e),g=b[d].substring(e+1)):f=b[d];c(f,g?decodeURIComponent(g.replace(/+/g," ")):"")}},Ja=function(a){if(a[1]){var c=a[0],b=c.indexOf("#");0b?a[1]="?":b==c.length-1&&(a[1]=void 0)}return a.join("")},Ka=function(a,c,b){if("array"==n(c))for(var d=0;d<c.length;d++)Ka(a,String(c[d]),b);else null!=c&&b.push("&",a,""===c?"":"=",encodeURIComponent(String(c)))},La=function(a,c,b){for(b=b||0;b<c.length;b+=2)Ka(c[b],c[b+1],a);return a},Ma=function(a,c){return Ja(2==arguments.length?La([a],arguments[1],0):La([a],arguments,1))},Na=function(a,c,b){a=[a,"&",c];null!=b&&a.push("=",encodeURIComponent(String(b)));return Ja(a)},Oa=function(a,c,b,d){for(var e=b.length;0<=(c=a.indexOf(b,c))&&cc)throw Error("Bad port number "+c);a.X=c}else a.X=null},Ta=function(a,c,b){S(a);c instanceof U?(a.s=c,a.s.fa(a.j)):(b||(c=V(c,Ya)),a.s=new U(c,0,a.j))},S=function(a){if(a.Ra)throw Error("Tried to modify a read-only Uri");};R.prototype.fa=function(a){this.j=a;this.s&&this.s.fa(a);return this};var T=function(a,c){return a?c?decodeURI(a.replace(/%25/g,"%2525")):decodeURIComponent(a):""},V=function(a,c,b){return p(a)?(a=encodeURI(a).replace(c,Za),b&&(a=a.replace(/%25([0-9a-fA-F]{2})/g,"%$1")),a):null},Za=function(a){a=a.charCodeAt(0);return"%"+(a>>4&15).toString(16)+(a&15).toString(16)},Ua=/[#/?@]/g,Wa=/[#?:]/g,Va=/[#?]/g,Ya=/[#?@]/g,Xa=/#/g,U=function(a,c,b){this.b=this.a=null;this.h=a||null;this.j=!!b},W=function(a){a.a||(a.a=new O,a.b=0,a.h&&Ia(a.h,function(c,b){a.add(decodeURIComponent(c.replace(/+/g," ")),b)}))};k=U.prototype;k.add=function(a,c){W(this);this.h=null;a=X(this,a);var b=this.a.get(a);b||this.a.set(a,b=[]);b.push(c);this.b+=1;return this};k.remove=function(a){W(this);a=X(this,a);return this.a.M(a)?(this.h=null,this.b-=this.a.get(a).length,this.a.remove(a)):!1};k.M=function(a){W(this);a=X(this,a);return this.a.M(a)};k.O=function(){W(this);for(var a=this.a.I(),c=this.a.O(),b=[],d=0;d<c.length;d++)for(var e=a[d],f=0;f<e.length;f++)b.push(c[d]);return b};k.I=function(a){W(this);var c=[];if(p(a))this.M(a)&&(c=na(c,this.a.get(X(this,a))));else{a=this.a.I();for(var b=0;b<a.length;b++)c=na(c,a[b])}return c};k.set=function(a,c){W(this);this.h=null;a=X(this,a);this.M(a)&&(this.b-=this.a.get(a).length);this.a.set(a,[c]);this.b+=1;return this};k.get=function(a,c){var b=a?this.I(a):[];return 0<b.length?String(b[0]):c};k.toString=function(){if(this.h)return this.h;if(!this.a)return"";for(var a=[],c=this.a.O(),b=0;b<c.length;b++)for(var d=c[b],e=encodeURIComponent(String(d)),d=this.I(d),f=0;f<d.length;f++){var g=e;""!==d[f]&&(g+="="+encodeURIComponent(String(d[f])));a.push(g)}return this.h=a.join("&")};k.clone=function(){var a=new U;a.h=this.h;this.a&&(a.a=this.a.clone(),a.b=this.b);return a};var X=function(a,c){var b=String(c);a.j&&(b=b.toLowerCase());return b};U.prototype.fa=function(a){a&&!this.j&&(W(this),this.h=null,this.a.forEach(function(a,b){var d=b.toLowerCase();b!=d&&(this.remove(b),this.remove(d),0<a.length&&(this.h=null,this.a.set(X(this,d),oa(a)),this.b+=a.length))},this));this.j=a};var $a={d:11,l:41,q:76},ab={label:"label",event_source:"es",event_data:"d"};var ia;ia=new function(){this.Ea="http"+("https:"===w.location.protocol?"":"s")+"://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/gen_204?id=";this.Ya=Math.random()};var Y=Ga(function(a,c,b,d){d=d||{};d.i=a.Ia;d.t=a.Za;d.c=c;d.m=b;d.lp=a.Sa;a.experimentId&&(d.e=a.experimentId);a.ra&&(d.gqi=a.ra);a.ya&&(d.qqi=a.ya);a.Wa(d)}),bb=function(a){return function(c,b,d){var e={};d&&(e.jsl=d);b&&(e.jsf=b);Y(a,"j",c,e)}},cb=function(a){ka("html5-mon",a)};var db=A("true",!0),eb=A("false",!1),fb=A("false",!1),Z=function(a,c,b,d,e,f,g){this.S=a;this.v=c;(a=this.v.monitoring)&&b&&(this.A={Ia:a.creativeId||-1,Za:a.templateId||-1,experimentId:a.experimentId,bb:a.reportErrors||!1,cb:a.reportPerf||!1,Wa:b,Sa:a.layoutPath,ra:a.gqi,ya:a.qqi});this.ta=r(d)?d:0;this.ua=r(e)?e:0;this.Pa=r(f)?f:0;this.ca=p(g)?document.getElementById(g):null;this.ha=new N(this.Va,1E4,this);this.F=[];this.R="";this.$=null;this.S.registerApplicationHandler("exit",t(this.sa,this));db&&gb(this);eb&&this.S.registerApplicationHandler("interactions",t(this.Ma,this));fb&&this.S.registerApplicationHandler("url_update",t(this.Na,this))};Z.prototype.sa=function(a,c){var b=a.d;"array"==n(b)&&(this.F.push(b[b.length-1]),hb(this,b)?(b=this.ha,b.stop(),b.na()):0!=this.ha.J||this.ha.start());if(a.o)this.Ta();else if(hb(this,a.d))if(this.R=a.br||"",this.$=a.be||null,b=t(this.Ka,this,a.f,a.c,a.r,c),this.A){var d=this.A;try{b()}catch(h){b=bb(d);d=h.toString();h.name&&-1==d.indexOf(h.name)&&(d+=": "+h.name);h.message&&-1==d.indexOf(h.message)&&(d+=": "+h.message);if(h.stack){var e=h.stack,f=d;try{-1==e.indexOf(f)&&(e=f+"n"+e);for(var g;e!=g;)g=e,e=e.replace(/((https?:/..*/)[^/:]*:d+(?:.|n)*)2/,"$1");d=e.replace(/n */g,"n")}catch(q){d=f}}b(d,h.lineNumber,h.fileName)}}else b()};var gb=function(a){w.addEventListener("message",t(function(a){var b=a.data,d=typeof b;("object"==d&&null!=b||"function"==d)&&"-165406993"==a.data.n&&a.data.er&&this.sa(a.data.er,(C("Chrome")||C("CriOS"))&&!(C("Opera")||C("OPR"))&&!C("Edge"))},a),!1);a.S.sendMessage("exit-pmcfg","-165406993")};Z.prototype.Ta=function(){};var jb=function(a,c){return"l"==c?ib(a,"exit_url_place"):ib(a,"exit_url_directions")},kb=function(a,c){var b;if(b=a.A)b=(new R(c)).s.get("adurl"),b=void 0==b||""==b||"undefined"==b;b&&Y(a.A,"be","1")},lb=function(a,c){var b=a.v.redirect_url;return b?c?Ma(b,"ctype",c):b:(a.A&&Y(a.A,"be","3"),"")},nb=function(a,c){var b=mb(a,"adData");return b&&b[0]&&b[0][c]},ib=function(a,c){var b=mb(a,"locationData");return b&&b[0]&&b[0][c]},mb=function(a,c){var b=a.v.google_template_data;return b&&b[c]},hb=function(a,c){var b;if(!(b="array"!=n(c))){b=c[c.length-1];var d=ob(a);b=!(a.va(b)&&b.x<d.width&&b.y<d.height&&0<=b.x&&0b||b>=a.Pa)&&d>=g&&d=h&&e=b.length)return b;b="9"}"8"!=b&&"9"!=b||a.Xa(a.R);return Na(c,"bg",b)};Z.prototype.Xa=Ga(function(a){var c={};c.bg=a;ka("bg",c)});Z.prototype.Ma=function(a){a=a.i;var c=this.v.google_ait_url,b;for(b in ab)if(b in a){for(var d=ab[b],e=a[b],f=d,g=c.search(Pa),h=0,q=void 0,J=[];0

//

// g?c=a+f+c:(g+=f.length,f=a.indexOf("&",g),c=0<=f?a.substring(0,g)+c+a.substring(f):a.substring(0,g)+c)}return 2E3<c.length?void 0!==d?ca(a,b,d,void 0,e):a:c};var da=function(){var a=/[&?]exk=([^& ]+)/.exec(p.location.href);return a&&2==a.length?a[1]:null};var q=function(a,b){this.width=a;this.height=b};q.prototype.round=function(){this.width=Math.round(this.width);this.height=Math.round(this.height);return this};var ea=function(a,b){for(var c in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,c)&&b.call(void 0,a[c],c,a)},ga=function(){var a=fa;if(!a)return"";var b=/.*[&#?]google_debug(=[^&]*)?(&.*)?$/;try{var c=b.exec(decodeURIComponent(a));if(c)return c[1]&&1<c[1].length?c[1].substring(1):"true"}catch(d){}return""};var ha=function(a,b,c,d){a.addEventListener?a.addEventListener(b,c,d||!1):a.attachEvent&&a.attachEvent("on"+b,c)};var ia=function(a){var b="";ea(a,function(a,d){if(0===a||a)b+="&"+d+"="+encodeURIComponent(String(a))});return b},r=function(a,b,c){a.google_image_requests||(a.google_image_requests=[]);var d=a.document.createElement("img");if(c){var e=function(a){c(a);a=e;d.removeEventListener?d.removeEventListener("load",a,!1):d.detachEvent&&d.detachEvent("onload",a);a=e;d.removeEventListener?d.removeEventListener("error",a,!1):d.detachEvent&&d.detachEvent("onerror",a)};ha(d,"load",e);ha(d,"error",e)}d.src=b;a.google_image_requests.push(d)};var ja=function(a,b,c){this.v=a;this.u=b;this.c=c;this.f=null;this.s=this.g;this.A=!1},ka=function(a,b,c){this.message=a;this.fileName=b||"";this.lineNumber=c||-1},ma=function(a,b,c){var d;try{d=c()}catch(g){var e=a.c;try{var f=la(g),e=a.s.call(a,b,f,void 0,void 0)}catch(l){a.g("pAR",l)}if(!e)throw g;}finally{}return d},t=function(a,b){var c=na;return function(){var d=arguments;return ma(c,a,function(){return b.apply(void 0,d)})}};ja.prototype.g=function(a,b,c,d,e){var f={};f.context=a;b instanceof ka||(b=la(b));f.msg=b.message.substring(0,512);b.fileName&&(f.file=b.fileName);0<b.lineNumber&&(f.line=b.lineNumber.toString());a=h.document;f.url=a.URL.substring(0,512);f.ref=a.referrer.substring(0,512);if(this.f)try{this.f(f)}catch(l){}if(d)try{d(f)}catch(l){}d=this.v;try{if((this.A?d.w:Math.random())<(c||d.o)){var g=d.m+(e||this.u)+ia(f),g=g.substring(0,2E3);r(h,g)}}catch(l){}return this.c};var la=function(a){var b=a.toString();a.name&&-1==b.indexOf(a.name)&&(b+=": "+a.name);a.message&&-1==b.indexOf(a.message)&&(b+=": "+a.message);if(a.stack){var c=a.stack,d=b;try{-1==c.indexOf(d)&&(c=d+"n"+c);for(var e;c!=e;)e=c,c=c.replace(/((https?:/..*/)[^/:]*:d+(?:.|n)*)2/,"$1");b=c.replace(/n */g,"n")}catch(f){b=d}}return new ka(b,a.fileName,a.lineNumber)};var oa=String.prototype.trim?function(a){return a.trim()}:function(a){return a.replace(/^[sxa0]+|[sxa0]+$/g,"")},pa=function(a,b){return ab?1:0};var qa=Array.prototype.indexOf?function(a,b,c){return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(a,b,c)}:function(a,b,c){c=null==c?0:0>c?Math.max(0,a.length+c):c;if(k(a))return k(b)&&1==b.length?a.indexOf(b,c):-1;for(;c<a.length;c++)if(c in a&&a[c]===b)return c;return-1},ra=Array.prototype.map?function(a,b,c){return Array.prototype.map.call(a,b,c)}:function(a,b,c){for(var d=a.length,e=Array(d),f=k(a)?a.split(""):a,g=0;gparseFloat(a))?String(b):a}(),Da={},A=function(a){var b;if(!(b=Da[a])){b=0;for(var c=oa(String(Ca)).split("."),d=oa(String(a)).split("."),e=Math.max(c.length,d.length),f=0;0==b&&f<e;f++){var g=c[f]||"",l=d[f]||"",U=RegExp("(\d*)(\D*)","g"),u=RegExp("(\d*)(\D*)","g");do{var L=U.exec(g)||["","",""],M=u.exec(l)||["","",""];if(0==L[0].length&&0==M[0].length)break;b=pa(0==L[1].length?0:parseInt(L[1],10),0==M[1].length?0:parseInt(M[1],10))||pa(0==L[2].length,0==M[2].length)||pa(L[2],M[2])}while(0==b)}b=Da[a]=0<=b}return b},Ea=h.document,Fa=Ea&&y?Ba()||("CSS1Compat"==Ea.compatMode?parseInt(Ca,10):5):void 0;!z&&!y||y&&9<=Number(Fa)||z&&A("1.9.1");y&&A("9");var B=document,p=window;function C(a){return"function"===typeof encodeURIComponent?encodeURIComponent(a):escape(a)}var D=null,Ga=function(){if(!B.body)return!1;if(!D){var a=B.createElement("iframe");a.style.display="none";a.id="anonIframe";D=a;B.body.appendChild(a)}return!0};var na;na=new ja(new function(){this.m="http"+("https:"===p.location.protocol?"":"s")+"://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/gen_204?id=";this.o=.01;this.w=Math.random()},"jserror",!0);var E=function(a,b){return t(a,b)};y&&A("9");!za||A("528");z&&A("1.9b")||y&&A("8")||xa&&A("9.5")||za&&A("528");z&&!A("8")||y&&A("9");var Ha=function(a,b,c){if("array"==aa(b))for(var d=0;d<b.length;d++)Ha(a,String(b[d]),c);else null!=b&&c.push("&",a,""===b?"":"=",encodeURIComponent(String(b)))},Ia=function(a,b,c){for(c=c||0;c<b.length;c+=2)Ha(b[c],b[c+1],a);return a},Ja=function(a,b){var c=2==arguments.length?Ia([a],arguments[1],0):Ia([a],arguments,1);if(c[1]){var d=c[0],e=d.indexOf("#");0e?c[1]="?":e==d.length-1&&(c[1]=void 0)}return c.join("")};var Ka=0,F={},Ma=function(a){var b=F.imageLoadingEnabled;if(null!=b)a(b);else{var c=!1;La(function(b,e){delete F[e];c||(c=!0,null!=F.imageLoadingEnabled||(F.imageLoadingEnabled=b),a(b))})}},La=function(a){var b=new Image,c,d=""+Ka++;F[d]=b;b.onload=function(){clearTimeout(c);a(!0,d)};c=setTimeout(function(){a(!1,d)},300);b.src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw=="},Na=function(a){if(a){var b=document.createElement("OBJECT");b.data=a;b.width=1;b.height=1;b.style.visibility="hidden";var c=""+Ka++;F[c]=b;b.onload=b.onerror=function(){delete F[c]};document.body.appendChild(b)}},Oa=function(a){if(a){var b=new Image,c=""+Ka++;F[c]=b;b.onload=b.onerror=function(){delete F[c]};b.src=a}},Pa=function(a){Ma(function(b){b?Oa(a):Na(a)})};var Qa={l:"ud=1",j:"ts=0",B:"sc=1",h:"gz=1",i:"op=1"};if(B&&B.URL){var fa=B.URL,Ra=!(fa&&0=b)){var d=0,e=function(){a();d++;db;){try{if(c.google_osd_static_frame)return c}catch(d){}try{if(c.aswift_0&&(!a||c.aswift_0.google_osd_static_frame))return c.aswift_0}catch(d){}b++;c=c!=c.parent?c.parent:null}return null},Wa=function(a,b,c,d,e){if(10<Ua)p.clearInterval(N);else if(++Ua,p.postMessage&&(b.b||b.a)){var f=Va(!0);if(f){var g={};I(b,g);g[0]="goog_request_monitoring";g[6]=a;g[16]=c;d&&d.length&&(g[17]=d.join(","));e&&(g[19]=e);try{var l=K(g);f.postMessage(l,"*")}catch(U){}}}},Xa=function(a){var b=Va(!1),c=!b;!b&&p&&(b=p.parent);if(b&&b.postMessage)try{b.postMessage(a,"*"),c&&p.postMessage(a,"*")}catch(d){}};var O=!1,Ya=function(a){if(a=a.match(/[d]+/g))a.length=3};(function(){if(navigator.plugins&&navigator.plugins.length){var a=navigator.plugins["Shockwave Flash"];if(a&&(O=!0,a.description)){Ya(a.description);return}if(navigator.plugins["Shockwave Flash 2.0"]){O=!0;return}}if(navigator.mimeTypes&&navigator.mimeTypes.length&&(a=navigator.mimeTypes["application/x-shockwave-flash"],O=!!a&&a.enabledPlugin)){Ya(a.enabledPlugin.description);return}try{var b=new ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.7");O=!0;Ya(b.GetVariable("$version"));return}catch(c){}try{b=new ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.6");O=!0;return}catch(c){}try{b=new ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash"),O=!0,Ya(b.GetVariable("$version"))}catch(c){}})();var Za=w("Firefox"),$a=wa()||w("iPod"),ab=w("iPad"),bb=w("Android")&&!(va()||w("Firefox")||x()||w("Silk")),cb=va(),db=w("Safari")&&!(va()||w("Coast")||x()||w("Edge")||w("Silk")||w("Android"))&&!(wa()||w("iPad")||w("iPod"));var P=function(a){return(a=a.exec(v))?a[1]:""};(function(){if(Za)return P(/Firefox/([0-9.]+)/);if(y||ya||xa)return Ca;if(cb)return P(/Chrome/([0-9.]+)/);if(db&&!(wa()||w("iPad")||w("iPod")))return P(/Version/([0-9.]+)/);if($a||ab){var a;if(a=/Version/(S+).*Mobile/(S+)/.exec(v))return a[1]+"."+a[2]}else if(bb)return(a=P(/Androids+([0-9.]+)/))?a:P(/Version/([0-9.]+)/);return""})();var fb=function(){var a=p.parent&&p.parent!=p,b=a&&0<="//tpc.googlesyndication.com".indexOf(p.location.host);if(a&&p.name&&0==p.name.indexOf("google_ads_iframe")||b){var c;a=p||p;try{var d;if(a.document&&!a.document.body)d=new q(-1,-1);else{var e=(a||window).document,f="CSS1Compat"==e.compatMode?e.documentElement:e.body;d=(new q(f.clientWidth,f.clientHeight)).round()}c=d}catch(g){c=new q(-12245933,-12245933)}return eb(c)}c=p.document.getElementsByTagName("SCRIPT");return 0<c.length&&(c=c[c.length-1],c.parentElement&&c.parentElement.id&&0<c.parentElement.id.indexOf("_ad_container"))?eb(void 0,c.parentElement):null},eb=function(a,b){var c=gb("IMG",a,b);return c||(c=gb("IFRAME",a,b))?c:(c=gb("OBJECT",a,b))?c:null},gb=function(a,b,c){var d=document;c=c||d;d=a&&"*"!=a?a.toUpperCase():"";c=c.querySelectorAll&&c.querySelector&&d?c.querySelectorAll(d+""):c.getElementsByTagName(d||"*");for(d=0;d<c.length;d++){var e=c[d];if("OBJECT"==a)a:{var f=e.getAttribute("height");if(null!=f&&0<f&&0==e.clientHeight)for(var f=e.children,g=0;g<f.length;g++){var l=f[g];if("OBJECT"==l.nodeName||"EMBED"==l.nodeName){e=l;break a}}}f=e.clientHeight;g=e.clientWidth;if(l=b)l=new q(g,f),l=Math.abs(b.width-l.width)<.1*b.width&&Math.abs(b.height-l.height)<.1*b.height;if(l||!b&&10<f&&10<g)return e}return null};var hb,Q=0,R="",S=!1,T=!1,V=!1,ib=!0,jb=!1,kb=!1,lb=!1,mb=!1,nb=!1,ob="",pb=0,qb=0,W=0,rb=[],J=null,sb="",tb=[],ub=null,vb=[],wb=!1,xb="",yb="",zb=(new Date).getTime(),Ab=!1,Bb="",Cb=!1,Db=["1","0","3"],X=0,Y=0,Eb=0,Fb="",Hb=function(a,b,c){S&&(ib||3!=(c||3)||lb)&&Gb(a,b,!0);if(V||T&&kb)Gb(a,b),T=V=!1},Ib=function(){var a=ub;return a?2!=a():!0},Gb=function(a,b,c){(b=b||sb)&&!wb&&(2==Y||c)&&Ib()&&(b=Jb(b,c),jb?Pa(b):r(a,b,void 0),nb=!0,c?S=!1:wb=!0)},Jb=function(a,b){var c;c=b?"osdim":V?"osd2":"osdtos";var d=["//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/activeview","?id=",c];"osd2"==c&&T&&kb&&d.push("&ts=1");R&&d.push("&avi=",R);hb&&d.push("&cid=",hb);d.push("&ti=1");d.push("&",a);d.push("&uc="+Eb);Ab?d.push("&tgt="+Bb):d.push("&tgt=nf");d.push("&cl="+(Cb?1:0));""!=ob&&(d.push("&lop=1"),c=m()-pb,d.push("&tslp="+c));d=d.join("");for(c=0;c<tb.length;c++){try{var e=tb[c]()}catch(g){}var f="max_length";2<=e.length&&(3==e.length&&(f=e[2]),d=ca(d,C(e[0]),C(e[1]),f))}2E3<d.length&&(d=d.substring(0,2E3));return d},Z=function(a){if(xb){try{var b=ca(xb,"vi",a);Ga()&&r(D.contentWindow,b,void 0)}catch(c){}0<=qa(Db,a)&&(xb="")}},Kb=function(){Z("-1")},Mb=function(a){if(a&&a.data&&k(a.data)){var b;var c=a.data;if(k(c)){b={};for(var c=c.split("n"),d=0;d=e)){var f=Number(c[d].substr(0,e)),e=c[d].substr(e+1);switch(f){case 5:case 8:case 11:case 15:case 16:case 18:e="true"==e;break;case 4:case 7:case 6:case 14:case 20:case 21:case 22:case 23:e=Number(e);break;case 3:case 19:if("function"==aa(decodeURIComponent))try{e=decodeURIComponent(e)}catch(l){throw Error("Error: URI malformed: "+e);}break;case 17:e=ra(decodeURIComponent(e).split(","),Number)}b[f]=e}}b=b[0]?b:null}else b=null;if(b&&(c=new H(b[4],b[12]),J&&J.match(c))){for(c=0;cX&&!T&&2==Y&&Nb(p,"osd2","hs="+X)},Pb=function(){var a={};I(J,a);a[0]="goog_dom_content_loaded";var b=K(a);try{Sa(function(){Xa(b)},10,"osd_listener::ldcl_int")}catch(c){}},Qb=function(){var a={};I(J,a);a[0]="goog_creative_loaded";var b=K(a);Sa(function(){Xa(b)},10,"osd_listener::lcel_int");Cb=!0},Rb=function(a){if(k(a)){a=a.split("&");for(var b=a.length-1;0<=b;b–){var c=a[b],d=Qa;c==d.l?(ib=!1,a.splice(b,1)):c==d.h?(W=1,a.splice(b,1)):c==d.j?(T=!1,a.splice(b,1)):c==d.i&&(jb=!0,a.splice(b,1))}Fb=a.join("&")}},Sb=function(){if(!Ab){var a=fb();a&&(Ab=!0,Bb=a.tagName,a.complete||a.naturalWidth?Qb():G(a,"load",Qb,"osd_listener::creative_load"))}};n("osdlfm",E("osd_listener::init",function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,l,U){Q=a;xb=b;yb=d;S=f;hb=U;g&&Rb(g);T=f;1==l?rb.push(947190538):2==l?rb.push(947190541):3==l&&rb.push(947190542);J=new H(e,da());G(p,"load",Kb,"osd_listener::load");G(p,"message",Mb,"osd_listener::message");R=c||"";G(p,"unload",Ob,"osd_listener::unload");var u=p.document;!u.readyState||"complete"!=u.readyState&&"loaded"!=u.readyState?!window.opera&&/msie/i.test(navigator.userAgent)?G(u,"readystatechange",function(){"complete"!=u.readyState&&"loaded"!=u.readyState||Pb()},"osd_listener::rsc"):G(u,"DOMContentLoaded",Pb,"osd_listener::dcl"):Pb();-1==Q?Y=f?3:1:-2==Q?Y=3:0

Advertisement

Share

More articles